diff --git a/coreboot-t440p/config.sh b/coreboot-t440p/config.sh
index b094335..235d81f 100755
--- a/coreboot-t440p/config.sh
+++ b/coreboot-t440p/config.sh
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ SIZE_4MB=4194304
 SIZE_8MB=8388608
 SIZE_12MB=12582912
 
+# Resolved flashrom chip names (set at runtime by _resolve_chip).
+# Needed because some Winbond variants share a silicon ID and flashrom
+# refuses to pick one without an explicit -c <chipname>.
+CHIP_4MB="${CHIP_4MB:-}"
+CHIP_8MB="${CHIP_8MB:-}"
+
 # Detect the Linux distribution
 detect_distro() {
   if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
diff --git a/coreboot-t440p/steps/backup_bios.sh b/coreboot-t440p/steps/backup_bios.sh
index 7f4901b..2ad9990 100755
--- a/coreboot-t440p/steps/backup_bios.sh
+++ b/coreboot-t440p/steps/backup_bios.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Step: Verify BIOS backup integrity (with per-chip retry)
 
-# Re-read a single chip until two reads match or user gives up
+# Re-read a single chip until two reads match or user gives up.
+# Uses the chip variant resolved during extraction (CHIP_4MB / CHIP_8MB).
 _reread_chip() {
   _label="$1"   # "4mb" or "8mb"
   _desc="$2"    # human-readable description
+  _chip="$3"    # flashrom -c chip name
+
+  if [ -z "$_chip" ]; then
+    error "No chip variant recorded for $_desc. Re-run the extract step."
+    return 1
+  fi
 
   while true; do
     warn "$_desc reads do NOT match. The chip may not be reading reliably."
@@ -17,9 +24,9 @@ _reread_chip() {
     case "$_choice" in
       1)
         info "Re-reading $_desc chip (read 1 of 2)..."
-        run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r ${_label}_backup1.bin" || return 1
+        run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$_chip\" -r ${_label}_backup1.bin" || return 1
         info "Re-reading $_desc chip (read 2 of 2)..."
-        run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r ${_label}_backup2.bin" || return 1
+        run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$_chip\" -r ${_label}_backup2.bin" || return 1
         if diff "${_label}_backup1.bin" "${_label}_backup2.bin" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
           success "$_desc reads now match."
           return 0
@@ -41,14 +48,14 @@ step_backup_bios() {
   if diff 4mb_backup1.bin 4mb_backup2.bin >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     success "4MB chip reads are identical."
   else
-    _reread_chip "4mb" "4MB (top)" || return 1
+    _reread_chip "4mb" "4MB (top)" "$CHIP_4MB" || return 1
   fi
 
   info "Verifying 8MB chip reads match..."
   if diff 8mb_backup1.bin 8mb_backup2.bin >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     success "8MB chip reads are identical."
   else
-    _reread_chip "8mb" "8MB (bottom)" || return 1
+    _reread_chip "8mb" "8MB (bottom)" "$CHIP_8MB" || return 1
   fi
 
   # Validate file sizes
diff --git a/coreboot-t440p/steps/extract_bios.sh b/coreboot-t440p/steps/extract_bios.sh
index 12118b2..032571c 100755
--- a/coreboot-t440p/steps/extract_bios.sh
+++ b/coreboot-t440p/steps/extract_bios.sh
@@ -4,16 +4,93 @@
 # Order rationale: read 4MB (top) chip first — smaller, faster,
 # surfaces setup issues (clip alignment, voltage, ribbon) sooner.
 
+# Probe the currently-clipped chip and resolve the flashrom chip name.
+#   $1 = variable name to populate (e.g. "CHIP_4MB")
+# Handles the "Multiple flash chip definitions match" case by prompting.
+_resolve_chip() {
+  _var="$1"
+
+  eval _cur=\"\$$_var\"
+  if [ -n "$_cur" ]; then
+    info "Using previously-selected chip for this size: $_cur"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  _log=$(mktemp)
+  printf "  ${DIM}\$ sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi${NC}\n"
+  sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi >"$_log" 2>&1
+  _st=$?
+
+  # Unambiguous success: one "Found ... chip \"NAME\"" line, exit 0.
+  if [ $_st -eq 0 ]; then
+    _chip=$(sed -nE 's/.*Found .* flash chip "([^"]+)".*/\1/p' "$_log" | head -1)
+    if [ -n "$_chip" ]; then
+      eval "$_var=\"\$_chip\""
+      info "Detected chip: $_chip"
+      rm -f "$_log"
+      return 0
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  # Ambiguous match: flashrom lists candidates but refuses to pick.
+  if grep -q "Multiple flash chip definitions match" "$_log"; then
+    _candidates=$(sed -nE 's/.*Found .* flash chip "([^"]+)".*/\1/p' "$_log")
+    _count=$(printf '%s\n' "$_candidates" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+    echo ""
+    warn "Flashrom read the chip but multiple variants match the same silicon ID."
+    info "This is normal for Winbond W25Q* parts. Pick one (the newest is safe):"
+    echo ""
+    _i=1
+    for _c in $_candidates; do
+      if [ "$_i" = "$_count" ]; then
+        echo "  $_i) $_c   ${DIM}(default — newest)${NC}"
+      else
+        echo "  $_i) $_c"
+      fi
+      _i=$((_i+1))
+    done
+    echo ""
+
+    _picked=""
+    while [ -z "$_picked" ]; do
+      printf "${CYAN}Choice [1-%s] (Enter = %s):${NC} " "$_count" "$_count"
+      read -r _sel
+      [ -z "$_sel" ] && _sel="$_count"
+      case "$_sel" in
+        ''|*[!0-9]*) echo "Enter a number."; continue ;;
+      esac
+      if [ "$_sel" -lt 1 ] || [ "$_sel" -gt "$_count" ]; then
+        echo "Out of range."
+        continue
+      fi
+      _picked=$(printf '%s\n' "$_candidates" | sed -n "${_sel}p")
+    done
+    eval "$_var=\"\$_picked\""
+    info "Using chip definition: $_picked"
+    rm -f "$_log"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  # Real failure (no chip, clip bad, etc.) — show the log and fail.
+  echo ""
+  error "Chip probe failed. flashrom output:"
+  sed 's/^/    /' "$_log"
+  rm -f "$_log"
+  return 1
+}
+
 # Read a chip with inline retry on failure.
 #   $1 = output filename
-#   $2 = human label (e.g. "4MB (top) — read 1 of 2")
+#   $2 = human label
+#   $3 = chip name (from _resolve_chip)
 _read_with_retry() {
   _out="$1"
   _label="$2"
+  _chip="$3"
 
   while true; do
     info "Reading $_label ..."
-    if run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -r $_out"; then
+    if run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$_chip\" -r $_out"; then
       return 0
     fi
 
@@ -56,9 +133,10 @@ step_extract_bios() {
   info "Align the red ribbon wire with the dot/notch on the chip (pin 1)."
   prompt_continue
 
-  _read_with_retry "4mb_backup1.bin" "4MB chip (read 1 of 2)" || return 1
-  _read_with_retry "4mb_backup2.bin" "4MB chip (read 2 of 2)" || return 1
-  success "4MB chip reads complete."
+  _resolve_chip CHIP_4MB || return 1
+  _read_with_retry "4mb_backup1.bin" "4MB chip (read 1 of 2)" "$CHIP_4MB" || return 1
+  _read_with_retry "4mb_backup2.bin" "4MB chip (read 2 of 2)" "$CHIP_4MB" || return 1
+  success "4MB chip reads complete ($CHIP_4MB)."
 
   # --- 8MB chip ---
   echo ""
@@ -68,7 +146,8 @@ step_extract_bios() {
   info "Re-check pin 1 alignment before pressing down."
   prompt_continue
 
-  _read_with_retry "8mb_backup1.bin" "8MB chip (read 1 of 2)" || return 1
-  _read_with_retry "8mb_backup2.bin" "8MB chip (read 2 of 2)" || return 1
-  success "8MB chip reads complete."
+  _resolve_chip CHIP_8MB || return 1
+  _read_with_retry "8mb_backup1.bin" "8MB chip (read 1 of 2)" "$CHIP_8MB" || return 1
+  _read_with_retry "8mb_backup2.bin" "8MB chip (read 2 of 2)" "$CHIP_8MB" || return 1
+  success "8MB chip reads complete ($CHIP_8MB)."
 }
diff --git a/coreboot-t440p/steps/flash_bios.sh b/coreboot-t440p/steps/flash_bios.sh
index 320fe4b..9974e0f 100755
--- a/coreboot-t440p/steps/flash_bios.sh
+++ b/coreboot-t440p/steps/flash_bios.sh
@@ -42,8 +42,11 @@ step_flash_bios() {
   info "Attach the programmer to the 4MB (top) chip."
   prompt_continue
 
-  info "Flashing 4MB chip..."
-  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w top.rom" || return 1
+  if [ -z "$CHIP_4MB" ]; then
+    _resolve_chip CHIP_4MB || return 1
+  fi
+  info "Flashing 4MB chip ($CHIP_4MB)..."
+  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$CHIP_4MB\" -w top.rom" || return 1
   success "4MB chip flashed."
 
   # Flash 8MB (bottom) chip
@@ -51,8 +54,11 @@ step_flash_bios() {
   info "Now attach the programmer to the 8MB (bottom) chip."
   prompt_continue
 
-  info "Flashing 8MB chip..."
-  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w bottom.rom" || return 1
+  if [ -z "$CHIP_8MB" ]; then
+    _resolve_chip CHIP_8MB || return 1
+  fi
+  info "Flashing 8MB chip ($CHIP_8MB)..."
+  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$CHIP_8MB\" -w bottom.rom" || return 1
   success "8MB chip flashed."
 
   echo ""
diff --git a/coreboot-t440p/steps/revert_bios.sh b/coreboot-t440p/steps/revert_bios.sh
index 1fd835c..956e9fc 100755
--- a/coreboot-t440p/steps/revert_bios.sh
+++ b/coreboot-t440p/steps/revert_bios.sh
@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ _revert_external() {
   info "Attach the programmer to the 4MB (top) chip."
   prompt_continue
 
-  info "Flashing original 4MB chip..."
-  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w top.rom" || return 1
+  if [ -z "$CHIP_4MB" ]; then
+    _resolve_chip CHIP_4MB || return 1
+  fi
+  info "Flashing original 4MB chip ($CHIP_4MB)..."
+  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$CHIP_4MB\" -w top.rom" || return 1
   success "4MB chip restored."
 
   # Flash 8MB (bottom) chip
@@ -58,8 +61,11 @@ _revert_external() {
   info "Now attach the programmer to the 8MB (bottom) chip."
   prompt_continue
 
-  info "Flashing original 8MB chip..."
-  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -w bottom.rom" || return 1
+  if [ -z "$CHIP_8MB" ]; then
+    _resolve_chip CHIP_8MB || return 1
+  fi
+  info "Flashing original 8MB chip ($CHIP_8MB)..."
+  run_cmd "sudo flashrom --programmer ch341a_spi -c \"$CHIP_8MB\" -w bottom.rom" || return 1
   success "8MB chip restored."
 
   echo ""